Dame Judith Hackitt’s report on Building industry Regulations and Fire Safety: Building a Safer Future, due out this week, will expand on the December 2017 interim report which found that, “The current regulatory system for ensuring fire safety in high-rise and complex buildings is not fit for purpose. This applies
A huge fire which broke out at a recycling plant facility for the second time in two month was “an accident waiting to happen”, according to a councillor. The Daily Post reports that David Wisinger, Flintshire county councillor for Sandycroft and Queensferry, said that had the wind been blowing in
With technology making all of our lives easier (in theory at least), you’d think that fighting fires would be getting easier too. Yet this doesn’t seem to be the case. We see the pressures of global warming with wildfires in America and Portugal; tragedies such as Grenfell and the recent
As a method of documenting, storing and sharing every detail about a construction project, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is fast becoming an industry standard. Its most recognisable feature might be the creation of technically-accurate 3D models, but BIM is really about having a single platform from which all stakeholders and
BDC 319 : Aug 2024
Dame Judith Hackitt’s report on Building industry Regulations and Fire Safety: Building a Safer Future, due out this week, will expand on the December 2017 interim report which found that, “The current regulatory system for ensuring fire safety in high-rise and complex buildings is not fit for purpose. This applies throughout the life-cycle of a building, both during construction and occupation, and is a problem connected both to the culture of the construction industry and the effectiveness of the regulators.” The interim report identified six key areas for urgent action: regulation and guidance; roles and responsibilities; competence; process, compliance and enforcement; residents’ voice and raising concerns and Quality Assurance and products. Colin Lawson, Head of Product Development, Sales & Marketing, Tamlite Lighting comments: “There cannot have been anyone in the UK whose heart did not go out to the victims and the families of those killed in the Grenfell Tower fire on 14th June 2017. It will take many years to recover from the effects on the community, residents and the emergency services. It also deeply affected those in the construction industry and supply chain who share responsibility for the safety of our homes and places of work, along with local government, regulators and legislators. “At Tamlite Lighting we are most concerned with how the lighting industry can play its part in using its influence to ensure the highest levels of safety and accountability. Dame Judith’s interim report said that “primary responsibility for ensuring that buildings are fit for purpose must rest with those who commission, design and build the project”, but what does that mean in practice for the lighting industry? “The industry must play its part; it can’t sit back and wait for central government to legislate. We must come together with our colleagues across the lighting and construction supply chain to share knowledge, encourage ongoing training and testing, adopt best practice behaviours, and develop a fully-accountable system for the life-cycle of buildings as a whole and not just for our own separate areas of ‘responsibility’. We can’t just aim for minimum compliance, but provide leadership especially regarding responsibility and competence. “While the lighting industry already adheres to stringent Quality Assurance standards in which products are properly tested and certified, there needs to be clarity on where ultimate responsibility lies – with the designer, specifier, installer or building owner.” In addition the industry must be more proactive to ensure oversight of the quality of installation. According to the interim report “This is one area where England and Wales appears to be lagging behind many other parts of the world that require key personnel throughout the system to be properly trained, assessed and in many cases licensed to carry out specific roles.” Mr Lawson concludes, “It is up to all of us in construction, to play our part, to build a culture of responsibility, of doing more than cutting costs to the bone, or simply complying with the relevant regulations on safety or sustainability. As we near the first anniversary of this tragedy, it should go without saying that the events of that awful night in June 2017 should never be repeated.”
A huge fire which broke out at a recycling plant facility for the second time in two month was “an accident waiting to happen”, according to a councillor. The Daily Post reports that David Wisinger, Flintshire county councillor for Sandycroft and Queensferry, said that had the wind been blowing in a different direction, it could have been a “potential nightmare”. Around 60 firefighters battled the blaze at 300 Recycling Ltd in Flintshire. The site lies next to CamGas, a company which supplies gas bottles and bulk tanks for domestic gas, commercial gas, holiday park gas and autogas. It burned into the night, sending huge plumes of black acrid smoke across residental areas and affecting motorists. The blaze came just over seven weeks after another huge inferno which took hold of the same plant earlier this year. Cllr Wisinger, who told the Daily Post in March that he was “extremely concerned” by the blaze, said following Tuesday’s fire: “It was an accident waiting to happen. “I’ve had complaints from people working in the area and residents phoning me up saying they could see the danger. “The site is right next to a gas storage facility, which is very worrying. “They’re concerned about the sheer amount of plastic and tyres, which are highly flammable. “If this fire would have happened on a hot summer’s day and the wind would have been blowing towards the gas cylinder company next door, it could have been a potential nightmare.” Council chief executive Colin Everett said: “This incident was dealt with effectively on a multi- agency basis. “The council has no specific controlling planning powers over the site, but North Wales Fire and Rescue Service has provided advice on the site owner’s requirements to comply with the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. “Our Streetscene Teams provided assistance as required to North Wales Fire and Rescue Service yesterday and today as they dealt with the incident. “Officers from the council’s Public Protection Service will provide any appropriate advice, if requested, to Natural Resources Wales as they undertake their investigations of the site. “As public sector partners, we will work with the company to help prevent future incidents in the interests of public safety.” Original source Daily Post
With technology making all of our lives easier (in theory at least), you’d think that fighting fires would be getting easier too. Yet this doesn’t seem to be the case. We see the pressures of global warming with wildfires in America and Portugal; tragedies such as Grenfell and the recent Kemerovo shopping centre fire; and the continued pressures on public services to save money and increase efficiency. This is not to mention unseen issues such as rising levels of obesity, which are forcing emergency personnel to adapt their training methods and invest in new equipment; or the rise of cheap construction and cramped conditions, due to growing populations and demand. In other words, something needs to change in the way fires are prevented, fought and managed. Here then are just a few examples of the technologies that could keep us safer in future. Wearable tech Firefighters would be the first to embrace tech that helps them do their jobs better. Unfortunately, they often can’t carry it. The average weight of standard issue equipment is between 10-12kg, meaning that any extra baggage could compromise their ability to navigate buildings and save lives. As a result, much of the focus of firefighting tech is now on compacting tools and utilising lightweight devices. Take for instance the thermal imaging camera, which allows firefighters to locate people and navigate fires through thick smoke. Instead of carrying a cumbersome bit of carried equipment, this information could be transmitted through the firefighter’s existing visor, either using augmented reality (AR) technology or a toggle for normal and thermal imaging camera views. Getting rid of the need for a camera would eliminate a distraction for the firefighter, and leave their hands free for more important tasks. The quick, seamless and hands-free transmission of data is a pivotal element in the future of firefighting. Some cities are already working on central databases of building information, which can be transmitted to firefighters to help them navigate the inside of a building, and assess its unique risks. Strangely enough, driverless cars may also help with this. The need for consistent 4G internet may improve signal quality within buildings for both data transfer and audio communication, which is often impeded in tower block and skyscraper fires. Strength and conditioning It isn’t just the fires that are likely to get tougher or more numerous; people may get harder to save, too. The obesity epidemic has already forced fire departments to train their crews differently, and to carry different kinds of lifting and hoisting equipment. It’s arguable that with this and the potential increases in the weight of equipment, firefighters will need to be fitter than ever, and capable of lifting greater weights. One technology that may assist with this is the exosuit. These wearable exoskeletons are designed to provide mechanical assistance for basic functions, such as walking or lifting objects. Think about the suit Ripley fights the xenomorph in at the end of Aliens, and you’ll be on the right track. The intended purpose isn’t that far off, either: not for fighting deadly predators, perhaps, but the intended purpose of heavy lifting with more dexterity than a forklift truck. Current exosuits are primarily being designed for warehouse workers to prevent injuries while lifting, as well as for elderly and disabled people to increase their mobility. But the benefits for emergency personnel are obvious. By assisting with movement and carrying extra weight, an exosuit could allow firefighters to shoulder more equipment, move more quickly and carry people more easily. The only barrier is to ensure that they are completely fireproof and infallible in emergency situations, so they never become more of a hindrance than a help. AI and simulation Smarter technology may not be the sole preserve of the firefighters; it may also come from the buildings. The sensors in ‘smart buildings’ are already revolutionising workplace productivity, saving energy and maintaining comfortable environmental conditions. Applying the same tech to fire prevention and management could radically decrease the impact of fires, as well as better preparing first responders to tackle a blaze. Building sensors can already detect fires in specific rooms, but communicating this is often a manual process on the part of fire wardens. Advanced sensors could show not only where the fire started but where it is and how hot it is burning. Moreover, early communication of this information could allow firefighters to predict the path of fires. AI modelling could pull from a database of building details (such as layouts and composition) to predict how the fire will spread in real time, and advise responders on where they should focus their efforts. Outside of an active fire situation, AI can also help us better analyse the conditions in which fires take place. We are still discovering how fires react in certain situations with different combinations of materials, as evidenced by the way the Grenfell fire subverted official guidelines to remain in the flats. Computer analysis could help to simulate fires that would otherwise be difficult or costly, and help inform building design and fire codes. Fire suppression We may be able to improve our understanding of fires, but we’ll still have to fight them sometimes. As a result, new technologies to improve the suppression of fires are highly sought after, and the focus of numerous competing startups. As it turns out, there may be better means to fight fires than the traditional use of water, foam and gases. One explosive (and rather counterintuitive) example is the use of ‘freeze grenades’. A container of controlled chemicals or powders can be set to break open at high temperatures, cutting out a fire at its heart – although this isn’t suitable everywhere. Perhaps more familiar are the attempts to redesign the humble fire hose. One proposed design is a ‘lance’ hose, which can supposedly fire through the brickwork of a building, spreading a fine mist across a larger surface area. Future firefighting tech isn’t just limited to these traditional substances, though. Two engineering students
As a method of documenting, storing and sharing every detail about a construction project, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is fast becoming an industry standard. Its most recognisable feature might be the creation of technically-accurate 3D models, but BIM is really about having a single platform from which all stakeholders and contractors can work collaboratively. Every piece of information about the building – from construction forecasts to budgeting – is compiled in one place, allowing clear communication between parties. BIM allows each team working on the project to optimise their processes, facilitates better handovers and ensures the latest information can be accessed by everyone in the supply chain. For a better idea about how this integration can benefit a large-scale construction project, we’ve looked at the benefits of BIM for fire safety. The primary concerns for fire-safety design are minimising the risk of injury or death to those inside and outside the building, as well as preserving as much of the structure and its contents as possible. Fire-safety planning should look at methods for prevention, containment and escape for those inside. Prevention Passive fire protection is essential in preventing a fire from breaking out, and is typically integrated into a project at the design stage. While it is impossible to prevent all forms of ignition (common causes being natural phenomena, technological failure and human carelessness), taking steps to minimise the risk and reduce the amount of fuel available in the event of a fire is not. Common preventative measures include: Relocating potential ignition sources so there is more space between them; Improving the insulation between potential ignition sources (e.g. kitchens, plant rooms etc.) and fuel; Comparing the level of fire resistance for specific building elements; Reducing the number of combustible materials in the interior or exterior design; Installing a dedicated lightning protection system; Maintaining a formal record of fire risk assessments. Using a BIM model is the simplest way for stakeholders to assess a building’s collective vulnerabilities, and work together to minimise them without impacting its functionality. Even once the design stage is complete, the information remains attached to the model so that future occupants and building management can fully understand the high-risk areas of their building. Containment In the event of a fire, it’s important that flames and smoke can be appropriately contained so that occupants can escape from harm. Building design should ensure that fires can be contained within the smallest possible area so that there is minimal threat to life and property. All buildings must meet a certain duration of fire resistance, depending on their size. Most non-residential properties in the UK require at least 60 minutes of compartmentalised fire resistance. Key containment measures include: Self-closing fire doors, actuated when alarms are triggered; Smoke curtains – automated or permanent barriers which drop from the ceiling and confine smoke to a certain area; Fire sprinkler systems; Strategically placed fire extinguishers, fire blankets and other safety equipment; Active venting for smoke to filter outside (rather than through the building). Co-ordinating different detection and containment measures can be difficult at the best of times, but BIM makes it easier for collaborators to visualise the space and work out the most efficient placement. With engineers, designers and health and safety specialists all having access to the plan, fire safety measures can be installed to ensure both cost-effectiveness and maximum coverage. Escape The ultimate goal of fire safety design is ensuring that all lives are protected if a blaze should break out. In some cases, this relies on confinement to a safe area but in most situations occupants will need to make their way to an exit. High-capacity escape routes are the ideal solution, however complex layouts may mean that alternative exits should be considered. Using BIM, designers, engineers and building managers can easily: Calculate and visualise the most effective escape routes for each area of the property; Plan how people with reduced mobility can safely exit take refuge; Understand the building’s resistance to collapse and how it would affect other internal and external services to the property (e.g. fire sprinkler systems or emergency vehicle access); Identify safe points for evacuation; Define the best routes for firefighting personnel. The benefits of BIM extend to emergency services, insurance providers and many other parties, who can use the collated information to navigate the building safely and reliably. Not only does BIM help to streamline the design and construction of a building, it makes it easier to effectively plan and carry out life-saving measures such as fire safety.
